I was thinking about Penni’s f word article the other day. I too have a little boy and am trying to raise him no differently than I would a little girl. It’s more difficult than you might think. Our culture seems to hard-wire us to treat little boys and girls differently. In fact there have been numerous studies showing that we do treat boys and girls differently, from birth:
As a general rule, we are much stricter with boys. We put up with crying and whining less, we discipline harder and more physically. We respond to crying girls faster and with more comfort. But we’re also more tolerant of adventurous or dangerous behaviour in boys than we are in girls.
But the fact is, that in the early months – years, even – it can be quite difficult to tell a baby boy from a baby girl. We can only treat boys and girls differently when we know which are girls, and which are boys.
Thankfully, we’re helped by the prevalence of pink and blue clothes that enable us to tell the difference between little boys, and little girls. Thank goodness. Otherwise we might treat small children equally. Who knows where that might lead? More adventurous females? More nurturing males? Oh heaven forbid!
I appreciate that as girls and boys reach puberty, their bodies do start to differ, and they tend to star requiring different shapes in their clothing (although obviously the clothing industry exaggerates these differences ad nauseum). But babies, toddlers and small children have very few differences at all. Little boys have a penis, which requires a slightly different fold of booster in a cotton nappy than the little girls’ nappy. That’s it. Oh, okay, I also accept that culturally, dresses are very strictly “female only” (although boys are “allowed” kilts). But apart from this, why the huge differences? Why is it so essential that we can tell little boys from little girls?
And I do think it’s damaging to separate them like this, and so early. I’m not sure that the baby boy or girl can internalise the difference between “pink” and “blue” (although who knows for sure?) but the danger comes when we know what sex they are and treat them accordingly.
As an aside, I also think that a lot of boys’ clothes – in particular, shoes in mainstream shops – are simply quite ugly. In two major supermarket chains the baby boys’ clothes are very conservative. They are all quite dark colours; browns, blacks, khakis and the occasional blue. Whereas in the same supermarkets, the girls’ clothes are awash with bright colours; purples, raspberries, pinks, reds and also blues. And that’s before we even get started on shoes. Here, not only is it the colours that are different, but the styles too. Boys have clunky, solid, almost military-looking blues, browns and dark greens. Girls have flimsy pinks and sparkles. Neither is particularly satisfactory, come to think of it.
I’m talking mainstream shops of course; there are some shops – internet based, mainly – that go against the grain and offer baby and toddler shoes chosen by colour or material, rather than stripping it down to gender. But in the main, what are we saying to our children? You are a boy. You must not like pretty things. Your role is purely functional. You must not be adorned in any way. You are meant to be practical. And you, you are a girl. You exist purely as decoration.
And remember, we treat them how we see them. Boys or girls. Ugly or flimsy.
I said earlier that I understood to some extent that culturally boys don’t wear dresses, but that I didn’t see why the rest of baby clothes had to be split according to gender. But when I looked into it further, I discovered that once, baby boys did wear dresses.
In fact, this tradition, of dressing boys in girls’ clothes until they were an older toddler / younger child, went on until the late part of the nineteenth century. Indeed christening dresses may well be a remnent of this. When a boy was ready to be dressed in boys’ clothes, it was called breeching, which referred to breeches, which were similar to trousers.
Apparently this was the point where the child’s father was more prepared to take an interest in the raising of the boy. I wonder if perhaps it coincided with weaning (either the mother weaning the child from the breast, or the child returning full-time from the wet nurse) as we know weaning tended to occur much later than it does in breastfed babies these days. There does seem to be a similarity in ages, anyhow, and we know that the final weaning was a kind of early “rite of passage”; weaning from the breast meant a child was finally independent from its mother or its nurse, as it could survive on other foods and fluids instead and did not need to have constant access to the breast. It would not surprise me if breeching coincided with weaning as the little boy was able to spent more time with the father away from the mother or nurse.
I wonder whether young children, in the main raised by their mothers rather than their fathers, were treated as more “gender neutral” before they were breeched, in those days? Or even treated all as “little girls”; responded to quickly when they cried, disciplined less harshly, discouraged from danger? I’m not saying the way we treat little girls is the “right way” of course, but that we should attempt at least to treat all babies the same way and see where their natural personalities take them.
However, babies now tend to be breeched from birth; the advent of ultrasound technology means we barely have a need even for gender neutral newborn-sized clothes (although a few manufacturers still produce these, as not everyone chooses to discover the sex of their baby).
I’m not sure our culture has the appitite to bring back the days of dressing all young children in dresses. But please, please, please can we have far more “gender neutral” clothes? We don’t really need to split clothes into “boys” and “girls”; can’t we just have them split into type of item? Rompers, trousers, t-shirts, vests, dresses etc., all in a vast array of colours; red, green, yellow and yes, pink, and blue.
Because if we don’t know if a baby is a girl or a boy, we will have to treat it as a baby human.
August 29, 2008 at 11:36 pm
Where I grew up, babies wore white – all white meant all baby clothes could be used for all babies. So it was very sensible! So I dressed mine in white, and was always asked “Is it a boy or a girl?” My answer was always the same – “It’s a baby.” People would get very upset with me, like I was making their life difficult somehow. They needed to know how to treat the ‘baby’ and I wasn’t letting them in on the secret of which set of rules. It even happend when I was pregnant! “What are you having?” “A baby.” It was as if I’d slapped them across the face.
There was a lovely pack of pastel socks in the local supermarket, that went well with his all white clothes. So I bought them, and was treated with horror as I had… gasp…. a boy in pink socks! You could see an whole 2 cm of them, between his white trousers and his shoes.
I still dress him in all white clothes – the colour suits him well. Some of the white clothes in cheaper main stream ranges, can have all the ‘girly’ bits cut off or unpicked – so he has a lot of white clothes.
Totally freaks everyone.
Boys don’t wear white.
Around here they do.
The thing I object to most about the ‘boys’ clothes.. is the combat and khaki stuff. Oh yes, I want to dress my baby boy in soldier pants. Of course, why didn’t I think of that….
August 31, 2008 at 2:08 pm
I completely relate, but I’m coming at the problem from the other side. My daughter just turned two and I am extremely worried about all the gendered stereotypes that are thrust upon her. Thank you for writing about this issue!
September 2, 2008 at 10:15 am
I too have a little girl and what struck me when reading Penni’s F-Word article was her statement that she would probably feel less bad about dressing a girl as a boy…and I thought, don’t bet on it! My toddler is nearly three but for a good while now, she has been *very* clear about clothing preferences. Generally, she dislikes dresses and skirts quite intensely, preferring trousers or leggings; she has a clear preference for all things blue, though will accept green or white if told all blue clothes are ‘in the wash’. I can get other colours on her occasionally but all her clothing has to be ‘basic’ – i.e. no ruffles, no frou-frou of any kind (and god forbid, no buttons)! Basically, she exists in short or long-sleeved T-shirts and trousers. So, you get the picture – she doesn’t dress like little girls *should*. How much i have influenced this is open to debate, having myself a dislike of pink and frou-frou, so she was always dressed in a way that avoided these things before she had a say in the matter. Anyway, she gets mistaken for a boy all the time. I could resign myself to this in a ‘well, that’s the way society is’ kind of way – except for the fact that despite all of the above, she isn’t in fact dressed in boys’ clothing. I don’t generally shop in the boys’ section for the same reasons as you mentioned – I mean, how boring?? – so her T-shirts are generally obviously ‘female’, say, with a cute little dog on the front, and inevitably she’s wearing pink Converse on her feet (she loves these for some reason). It’s as if simply because she isn’t dressed like a sparkly, pink fairy, well, she *must* be a boy, mustn’t she?? When correcting people who are talking to her saying ‘aren’t you a good boy’ etc and pointing out she’s a girl, I have actually been asked ‘Are you sure?’!!!
And people do look at you funny, except rather than assuming you’d have preferred a girl for dressing a boy like a girl, they assume you’re secretly a dungeree-wearing, hairy-armpitted lesbian for dressing a girl like a boy. I think it would be different if she were older because then, as penni points out, people could just slot her into the category ‘tomboy’ (which is perfectly acceptable to their minds). But because she’s still so young, the assumption is that I still have complete control over her dress (which I really don’t!), so it’s obviously my decision not to dress her in a gender-appropriate fashion, and clearly, i can only be doing this due to some warped political agenda! Even friends and relatives who are fully aware of her clothing preferences insist on buying her ‘girly’ clothes – pink dresses with frills aplenty – which i then just have to exchange. The assumption is that mean old mummy just won’t allow her to be a girl, but if these things can be ’sneaked in’ to her wardrobe, my evil plans will be foiled…
And don’t even get me started on the fact that girls’ clothing inevitably depicts fairies or princesses, while boys get surfboards and fire engines…
September 8, 2008 at 9:23 am
“My Son Wears Pink” could have been written by me, it is one part of my children’s story. My son now five last year decided to have his long blond hair cut short, his sister, a year younger, has had hers short for quite a while.
We have never told them what do or like as girls or boys, but have told them that they are able to do and like anything. So I have a four year old girl who likes blue, short hair and won’t wear a skirt or dress and a five year old boy who likes pink and in reality if left to his own devices would probably wear a dress while being Bob the Builder. Its best when we go swimming – he likes to wear her pink, Dora the Explorer costume (purchased by Grandma) and she prefers his trunks with the monkey on.
What makes me sad is how this is all slowly being changed by outside influences. She asks me can girls be this or that, he is becoming less attached to pink. As we grow and change things change – but everyone thinks my daughter is a boy and used to think my son was a girl, they have learned this is because of how they look and slowly have changed because they are fed up of correcting people.
September 8, 2008 at 4:11 pm
I was in mothercare the other day and saw two terrible tshirts in the newborn boys section!
One said “Daddy’s No 1 Player” – which could be read as about football, but was obviously meant to be a pun about the other meaning of “player”.
The other was “Mummy’s Little Soldier” !!!
November 3, 2008 at 5:02 pm
My son loves his pink t-shirt, football, dancing and cars. He’s not particularly adventurous, I have no worries about him being safe.
My daugher is heart-stoppingly adventurous. She also loves pink, dolls, swords and dresses.
Nature and nurture both play a role, some things will happen regardless of your input, your kids are wired that way, other things you influence completely almost by a one-off accident.
November 11, 2008 at 12:01 am
How refreshing to read this article and the comments. I’ve spent the last seven years trying to stop other people – especially retailers – burdening my children with their gender stereotypes, and whilst the battle is never-ending, I am very proud of my sons (7 and 5) and my daughter (3). All of them, the boys in particular, are vociferous in criticising shops and catalogues for applying the labels “boy” and “girl” to toys and clothes. “They’re *not* for girls/boys! They’re for *people*!” is a typical comment. And they – at least the eldest – understand the damaging implications for the lives and beliefs of the girls and boys subject to those stereotypes.
They play with the same range of toys (including dolls and trains); their clothes are, subject to size, interchangeable. All of them wear trousers and leggings mostly, as they are more practical. My daughter inherits clothes from her elder brothers, and the boys borrow her frocks and skirts from time to time. All of them like pink, and my little daughter takes great glee in teasing me because I don’t – “Oh no! Pink! You don’t like pink, do you, Mama!”
My eldest son learned to defend his sartorial choices when he first started school. A classmate asked him why he was wearing “girls’ socks”, which he considered to be a thoroughly stupid question, and replied that they were clearly people’s socks, and did the person really think that boys and girls had different feet? I asked that same question of a shop-assistant (in Pumpkin Patch) when I asked for some thick warm socks for my daughter. The assistant busily looked around half (you’ll know which half!) of the shop before telling me that, sorry but they had nothing of the kind. It didn’t take me long to find some nice blue and cream, thick, warm socks, which I showed to the assistant. “Oh but those are for boys”, she said. Right. So firstly girls and boys have different feet? And secondly girls aren’t entitled to have warm feet in the winter? Even though I’m generally *very* polite to such people, they are often offended to be questioned about their prejudices.
My 7 year old boy wears his hair long – because he wants to – and is frequently mistaken for a girl. And, as phoolani has found, people are remarkably stubborn in refusing to acknowledge that they’ve guessed wrong. I’ve had several conversations (typically with shop assistants) that go something like:
Them: “Isn’t your daughter good/lovely/clever!”
Me: “That’s my son.”
Them: “Yes, she’s lovely etc..”
Me: “No, no. He’s a boy. He’s my *son*. ”
Them …still utterly refusing to hear me.
It happens a lot in shoe shops, and on one memorable occasion a “trained shoe fitter” in Clarke’s tried to make me buy the wrong fitting of shoe for my son, because it was a “boy’s” shoe, rather than allowing me to buy the correct size for him in a “girl’s” style. Obviously I did buy the correct one (very nice purple gingham, if I recall), but I was astonished that she was prepared to damage my child’s feet rather than countenance me buying the “wrong” gender of shoe.
Sorry; I’ve blathered on far too long. But this is a subject close to my heart, and not one I’ve heard discussed much, so I’m carried away at finding some like-minded people and an interesting article on the subject.
November 30, 2008 at 10:35 pm
Thanks for writing this – it’s been bugging me for ages. So much so, I actually bought a sewing machine and some dye and have been making clothes for my little one. I too have dressed my son in pink, and when questioned, I am happy to respond with “well, I really wanted a girl”, or “we’re hoping he’ll turn gay”.
It freaks people out, but hopefully it makes them think a little!
December 2, 2008 at 8:38 am
Can I just say, I love this blog.
January 8, 2009 at 12:43 pm
take a look at y new campaign http://www.pinkstinks.co.uk – we’re re-launching in a few weeks, but getting a great response already.
Thanks Abi
January 15, 2009 at 10:09 pm
Ruth, I actually read something more sinister in to the old practice in dressing baby boys as girls (or rather, in dresses, like women). To me it seems symbolic of the infantalization of adult women of the age. Women, girls, and very young boys wore dresses, had no rights, and were seen as property. Only adult males wore pants, owned property, and were viewed as rational human beings. As much as I wish we dressed all children similarly, or at least not differently based solely on gender, I fear it’s a lost cause, and possibly even dangerous, if we don’t have the same expectations for adults.
I’ve wondered sometimes if my lack of clothing the Boychick in dresses ever is unconsciously sexist on my part (although I’d say it also has to do with the fact that he wears mostly handmedowns, and no one’s given us any), but then I remember that I don’t wear dresses either. It’s just not something we’re particularly in to around here. But is that excuse just so I don’t have to face the reactions if he did wear them? Given that he does wear pink and flowery things, maybe not, but I don’t think I can know for sure.
January 18, 2009 at 6:27 am
Yes, good point, I guess I hadn’t really looked at it like that – although I’m aware it wasn’t exactly a golden age for women or children!
I do sometimes wonder about dresses/skirts and why it’s so culturally forbidden for men to wear them except very specific skirts (kilts, sarongs).
Would certainly like to see less gender-specific clothing for children though.
May 4, 2009 at 6:06 pm
[...] some time ago I wrote a blog post, Breeched from Birth, looking at how we use children’s clothing right from birth to push them into gender [...]